Revue d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée  - RETA
ISSN (Papier) : 1840-7277  |  ISSN (Electronique) : 1840-751X  | www.retanet.org | revue@retanet.org | doi.org/10.62519/reta
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             981 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) Classification System


A - General Economics and Teaching
B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
D - Microeconomics
E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
F - International Economics
G - Financial Economics
H - Public Economics
I - Health, Education, and Welfare
J - Labor and Demographic Economics
K - Law and Economics
L - Industrial Organization
M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
N - Economic History
O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
P - Economic Systems
Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics
Y - Miscellaneous Categories
Z - Other Special Topics

 



    A - General Economics and Teaching

          A1 - General Economics

                A10 - General
                A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists
                A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines?
                A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values?
                A14 - Sociology of Economics?
                A19 - Other

          A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics

                A20 - General
                A21 - Pre-college
                A22 - Undergraduate
                A23 - Graduate
                A29 - Other

          A3 - Collective Works

                A30 - General
                A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals
                A32 - Volumes
                A33 - Handbooks
                A39 - Other
Retour

    B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
                B00 - General

          B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925

                B10 - General
                B11 - Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
                B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
                B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
                B14 - Socialist; Marxist B23
                B15 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
                B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
                B19 - Other

          B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925

                B20 - General
                B21 - Microeconomics
                B22 - Macroeconomics
                B23 - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
                B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian
                B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
                B26 - Financial Economics
                B29 - Other

          B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals

                B30 - General
                B31 - Individuals
                B32 - Obituaries

          B4 - Economic Methodology

                B40 - General
                B41 - Economic Methodology
                B49 - Other

          B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches

                B50 - General
                B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
                B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary
                B53 - Austrian
                B54 - Feminist Economics
                B59 - Other
Retour

    C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

          C0 - General

                C00 - General
                C01 - Econometrics
                C02 - Mathematical Methods

          C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

                C10 - General
                C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General
                C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
                C13 - Estimation: General
                C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
                C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
                C18 - Methodological Issues: General
                C19 - Other

          C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables

                C20 - General
                C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions B60
                C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
                C23 - Models with Panel Data; Longitudinal Data; Spatial Time Series
                C24 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models
                C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
                C26 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation B65
                C29 - Other

          C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables

                C30 - General
                C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
                C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
                C33 - Models with Panel Data; Longitudinal Data; Spatial Time Series
                C34 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models
                C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
                C36 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
                C38 - Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Factor Models
                C39 - Other

          C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics

                C40 - General
                C41 - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
                C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
                C44 - Operations Research; Statistical Decision
                C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
                C46 - Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics
                C49 - Other

          C5 - Econometric Modeling

                C50 - General
                C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
                C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
                C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods; Simulation Methods (Updated!)
                C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling
                C58 - Financial Econometrics
                C59 - Other

          C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling

                C60 - General
                C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
                C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
                C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling
                C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
                C67 - Input–Output Models
                C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
                C69 - Other

          C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory

                C70 - General
                C71 - Cooperative Games
                C72 - Noncooperative Games
                C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games
                C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
                C79 - Other

          C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs

                C80 - General
                C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Analysis
                C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Analysis
                C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
                C87 - Econometric Software
                C88 - Other Computer Software
                C89 - Other

          C9 - Design of Experiments

                C90 - General
                C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
                C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
                C93 - Field Experiments
                C99 - Other
Retour

    D - Microeconomics

          D0 - General

                D00 - General
                D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
                D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
                D03 - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles
                D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation

          D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics

                D10 - General
                D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
                D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
                D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold
                D14 - Personal Finance
                D18 - Consumer Protection
                D19 - Other

          D2 - Production and Organizations

                D20 - General
                D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
                D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
                D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
                D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity(Updated!)
                D29 - Other

          D3 - Distribution

                D30 - General
                D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
                D33 - Factor Income Distribution
                D39 - Other

          D4 - Market Structure and Pricing

                D40 - General
                D41 - Perfect Competition
                D42 - Monopoly
                D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
                D44 - Auctions
                D45 - Rationing; Licensing
                D46 - Value Theory
                D47 - Market Design (Updated!)
                D49 - Other

          D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

                D50 - General
                D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
                D52 - Incomplete Markets
                D53 - Financial Markets
                D57 - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
                D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
                D59 - Other

          D6 - Welfare Economics

                D60 - General
                D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
                D62 - Externalities
                D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
                D64 - Altruism; Philanthropy (Updated!)
                D69 - Other

          D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

                D70 - General
                D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
                D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
                D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
                D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
                D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
                D79 - Other

          D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty

                D80 - General
                D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
                D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
                D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief
                D84 - Expectations; Speculations
                D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
                D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
                D87 - Neuroeconomics
                D89 - Other

          D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth

                D90 - General
                D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
                D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Financing, Investment, and Capacity
                D99 - Other
Retour

    E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

          E0 - General

                E00 - General
                E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
                E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy

          E1 - General Aggregative Models

                E10 - General
                E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
                E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
                E13 - Neoclassical
                E16 - Social Accounting Matrix (Updated!)
                E17 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and
                E19 - Other

          E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy

                E20 - General
                E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
                E22 - Capital; Investment; Capacity
                E23 - Production
                E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
                E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
                E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
                E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                E29 - Other

          E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

                E30 - General
                E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
                E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
                E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                E39 - Other

          E4 - Money and Interest Rates

                E40 - General
                E41 - Demand for Money
                E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
                E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
                E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
                E47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                E49 - Other

          E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

                E50 - General
                E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
                E52 - Monetary Policy
                E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
                E59 - Other

          E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

                E60 - General
                E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
                E62 - Fiscal Policy
                E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
                E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
                E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
                E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
                E69 - Other
Retour

    F - International Economics

          F0 - General

                F00 - General
                F01 - Global Outlook
                F02 - International Economic Order

          F1 - Trade

                F10 - General
                F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
                F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
                F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
                F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade (Updated!)
                F15 - Economic Integration
                F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
                F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
                F18 - Trade and Environment
                F19 - Other

          F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business

                F20 - General
                F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
                F22 - International Migration
                F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
                F24 - Remittances
                F29 - Other

          F3 - International Finance

                F30 - General
                F31 - Foreign Exchange
                F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
                F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
                F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
                F35 - Foreign Aid
                F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
                F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                F39 - Other

          F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

                F40 - General
                F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
                F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
                F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
                F44 - International Business Cycles
                F45 - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
                F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                F49 - Other

          F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy

                F50 - General
                F51 - National Security; Economic Nationalism
                F52 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
                F53 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
                F54 - International Institutional Arrangements
                F55 - Other
                F59 - Globalization

          F6 - General

                F60 - Microeconomic Impacts
                F61 - Macroeconomic Impacts
                F62 - Economic Development
                F63 - Environment
                F64 - Finance
                F65 - Labor
                F66 - Policy
                F68 - Financial Economics
                F69 - General
Retour

    G - Financial Economics

          G0 - Financial Crises

                G00 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles
                G01 - Financial Crises
                G02 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles

          G1 - General Financial Markets

                G10 - General
                G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
                G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates
                G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
                G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
                G15 - International Financial Markets
                G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
                G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
                G19 - Other

          G2 - Financial Institutions and Services

                G20 - General
                G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
                G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies
                G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors (Updated!)
                G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
                G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
                G29 - Other

          G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance

                G30 - General
                G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity
                G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill (Updated!)
                G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
                G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
                G35 - Payout Policy
                G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
                G39 - Other
Retour

    H - Public Economics
                H00 - General

          H1 - General

                H10 - Structure and Scope of Government
                H11 - General
                H12 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
                H19 - Crisis Management

          H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

                H20 - General
                H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
                H22 - Incidence
                H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
                H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
                H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
                H26 - Tax Evasion
                H27 - Other Sources of Revenue
                H29 - Other

          H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

                H30 - General
                H31 - Household
                H32 - Firm
                H39 - Other

          H4 - Publicly Provided Goods

                H40 - General
                H41 - Public Goods
                H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
                H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
                H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
                H49 - Other

          H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

                H50 - General
                H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
                H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
                H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
                H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
                H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
                H56 - National Security and War
                H57 - Procurement
                H59 - Other

          H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

                H60 - General
                H61 - Budget; Budget Systems
                H62 - Deficit; Surplus
                H63 - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
                H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
                H69 - Other

          H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

                H70 - General
                H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
                H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
                H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
                H74 - State and Local Borrowing
                H75 - State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions
                H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
                H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
                H79 - Other

          H8 - Miscellaneous Issues

                H80 - General
                H81 - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
                H82 - Governmental Property
                H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
                H84 - Disaster Aid
                H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
                H89 - Other
Retour

    I - Health, Education, and Welfare

          I0 - General

                I00 - General

          I1 - Health

                I10 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
                I11 - Health Production
                I12 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
                I13 - Health and Inequality
                I14 - Health and Economic Development
                I15 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
                I18 - Other
                I19 - Other

          I2 - Education and Research Institutions

                I20 - General
                I21 - Analysis of Education
                I22 - Educational Finance
                I23 - Higher Education and Research Institutions
                I24 - Education and Inequality
                I25 - Education and Economic Development
                I28 - Government Policy
                I29 - Other

          I3 - Welfare and Poverty

                I30 - General
                I31 - General Welfare
                I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
                I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
                I39 - Other
Retour

    J - Labor and Demographic Economics

          J0 - General

                J00 - General
                J01 - Labor Economics: General
                J08 - Labor Economics Policies

          J1 - Demographic Economics

                J10 - General
                J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
                J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
                J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
                J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
                J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
                J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
                J17 - Value of Life; Forgone Income
                J18 - Public Policy
                J19 - Other

          J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor

                J20 - General
                J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
                J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
                J23 - Labor Demand
                J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
                J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies
                J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
                J29 - Other

          J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

                J30 - General
                J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
                J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions
                J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
                J38 - Public Policy
                J39 - Other

          J4 - Particular Labor Markets

                J40 - General
                J41 - Labor Contracts
                J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
                J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
                J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing
                J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
                J47 - Coercive Labor Markets
                J48 - Public Policy
                J49 - Other

          J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining

                J50 - General
                J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
                J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
                J53 - Labor–Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
                J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
                J58 - Public Policy
                J59 - Other

          J6 - General

                J60 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
                J61 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
                J62 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
                J63 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
                J64 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
                J65 - Public Policy
                J68 - Public Policy 
                J69 - Other

          J7 - Labor Discrimination

                J70 - General
                J71 - Discrimination
                J78 - Public Policy
                J79 - Other

          J8 - Labor Standards: National and International

                J80 - General
                J81 - Working Conditions
                J82 - Labor Force Composition
                J83 - Workers' Rights
                J88 - Public Policy
                J89 - Other
Retour

    K - Law and Economics

          K0 - General

                K00 - General

          K1 - Basic Areas of Law

                K10 - General
                K11 - Property Law
                K12 - Contract Law
                K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
                K14 - Criminal Law
                K19 - Other

          K2 - Regulation and Business Law

                K20 - General
                K21 - Antitrust Law
                K22 - Business and Securities Law (Updated!)
                K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
                K29 - Other

          K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law

                K30 - K30
                K31 - Labor Law
                K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
                K33 - International Law
                K34 - Tax Law
                K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
                K36 - Family and Personal Law
                K37 - Immigration Law (Updated!)
                K39 - Other

          K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

                K40 - General
                K41 - Litigation Process
                K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
                K49 - Other
Retour

    L - Industrial Organization

          L0 - General

                L00 - General

          L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

                L10 - General
                L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
                L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
                L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
                L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
                L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
                L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
                L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
                L19 - Other

          L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

                L20 - General
                L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
                L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
                L23 - Organization of Production
                L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing
                L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
                L26 - Entrepreneurship

          L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise

                L30 - General
                L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
                L32 - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
                L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out
                L38 - Public Policy
                L39 - Other

          L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies

                L40 - General
                L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
                L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
                L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
                L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
                L49 - Other

          L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy

                L50 - General
                L51 - Economics of Regulation
                L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
                L53 - Enterprise Policy
                L59 - Other

          L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing

                L60 - General
                L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
                L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
                L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
                L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
                L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
                L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
                L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
                L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
                L69 - Other

          L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction

                L70 - General
                L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
                L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
                L73 - Forest Products
                L74 - Construction
                L78 - Government Policy
                L79 - Other

          L8 - Industry Studies: Services

                L80 - General
                L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
                L82 - Entertainment; Media
                L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
                L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
                L85 - Real Estate Services
                L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
                L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
                L88 - Government Policy
                L89 - Other

          L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities

                L90 - General
                L91 - Transportation: General
                L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
                L93 - Air Transportation
                L94 - Electric Utilities
                L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
                L96 - Telecommunications
                L97 - Utilities: General
                L98 - Government Policy
                L99 - Other
Retour

    M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting

          M0 - General

                M00 - General

          M1 - Business Administration

                M10 - General
                M11 - Production Management
                M12 - Personnel Management; Executive Compensation
                M13 - New Firms; Startups
                M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
                M15 - IT Management
                M16 - International Business Administration
                M19 - Other

          M2 - Business Economics

                M20 - General
                M21 - Business Economics 
                M29 - Other

          M3 - Marketing and Advertising

                M30 - General
                M31 - Marketing
                M37 - Advertising
                M38 - Government Policy and Regulation
                M39 - Other

          M4 - Accounting and Auditing

                M40 - General
                M41 - Accounting
                M42 - Auditing
                M48 - Government Policy and Regulation
                M49 - Other
                M5 - Personnel Economics
                M50 - General
                M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
                M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
                M53 - Training
                M54 - Labor Management
                M55 - Labor Contracting Devices
                M59 - Other
Retour

    N - Economic History

          N0 - General

                N00 - General
                N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods

          N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations

                N10 - General, International, or Comparative
                N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N14 - Europe: 1913–
                N15 - Asia including Middle East
                N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N17 - Africa; Oceania

          N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions

                N20 - General, International, or Comparative
                N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N24 - Europe: 1913–
                N25 - Asia including Middle East
                N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N27 - Africa; Oceania

          N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy

                N30 - General, International, or Comparative
                N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
                N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N34 - Europe: 1913-
                N35 - Asia including Middle East
                N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N37 - Africa; Oceania

          N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation

                N40 - General, International, or Comparative
                N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N44 - Europe: 1913–
                N45 - Asia including Middle East
                N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N47 - Africa; Oceania

          N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries

                N50 - General, International, or Comparative
                N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N54 - Europe: 1913–
                N55 - Asia including Middle East
                N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N57 - Africa; Oceania

          N6 - Manufacturing and Construction

                N60 - General, International, or Comparative
                N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N64 - Europe: 1913–
                N65 - Asia including Middle East
                N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N67 - Africa; Oceania

          N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services

                N70 - General, International, or Comparative
                N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N74 - Europe: 1913–
                N75 - Asia including Middle East
                N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N77 - Africa; Oceania

          N8 - Micro-Business History

                N80 - General, International, or Comparative
                N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N84 - Europe: 1913–
                N85 - Asia including Middle East
                N86 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N87 - Africa; Oceania

          N9 - Regional and Urban History

                N90 - General, International, or Comparative
                N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N94 - Europe: 1913–
                N95 - Asia including Middle East
                N96 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N97 - Africa; Oceania
Retour

    O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

          O1 - Economic Development

                O10 - General
                O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
                O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
                O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
                O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
                O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
                O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
                O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
                O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
                O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

          O2 - Development Planning and Policy

                O20 - General
                O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
                O22 - Project Analysis
                O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
                O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
                O25 - Industrial Policy
                O29 - Other

          O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights

                O30 - General
                O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
                O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
                O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
                O34 - Intellectual Property Rights
                O38 - Government Policy
                O39 - Other

          O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

                O40 - General
                O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
                O42 - Monetary Growth Models
                O43 - Institutions and Growth
                O44 - Environment and Growth
                O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
                O49 - Other

          O5 - Economywide Country Studies

                O50 - General
                O51 - U.S.; Canada
                O52 - Europe
                O53 - Asia including Middle East
                O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
                O55 - Africa
                O56 - Oceania
                O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Retour

    P - Economic Systems

          P0 - General

                P00 - General

          P1 - Capitalist Systems

                P10 - General
                P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
                P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
                P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
                P14 - Property Rights
                P16 - Political Economy
                P17 - Performance and Prospects
                P19 - Other

          P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies

                P20 - General
                P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
                P22 - Prices
                P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
                P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
                P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
                P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
                P27 - Performance and Prospects
                P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
                P29 - Other

          P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

                P30 - General
                P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
                P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
                P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, Business, and Aid (Updated!)
                P34 - Financial Economics
                P35 - Public Economics
                P36 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
                P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
                P39 - Other

          P4 - Other Economic Systems

                P40 - General
                P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
                P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
                P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics
                P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
                P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
                P46 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
                P47 - Performance and Prospects
                P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
                P49 - Other

          P5 - Comparative Economic Systems

                P50 - General
                P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
                P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
                P59 - Other
Retour

    Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

          Q0 - General

                Q00 - General
                Q01 - Sustainable Development
                Q02 - Global Commodity Crises

          Q1 - Agriculture

                Q10 - General
                Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
                Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
                Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
                Q14 - Agricultural Finance
                Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
                Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services
                Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
                Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
                Q19 - Other

          Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation

                Q20 - General
                Q21 - Demand and Supply
                Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture
                Q23 - Forestry
                Q24 - Land
                Q25 - Water
                Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
                Q27 - Issues in International Trade
                Q28 - Government Policy
                Q29 - Other

          Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

                Q30 - General
                Q31 - Demand and Supply
                Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
                Q33 - Resource Booms
                Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
                Q37 - Issues in International Trade
                Q38 - Government Policy
                Q39 - Other

          Q4 - Energy

                Q40 - General
                Q41 - Demand and Supply
                Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
                Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
                Q47 - Energy Forecasting
                Q48 - Government Policy
                Q49 - Other

          Q5 - Environmental Economics

                Q50 - General
                Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
                Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
                Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
                Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming
                Q55 - Technological Innovation
                Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
                Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
                Q58 - Government Policy
                Q59 - Other
Retour

    R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics

          R0 - General

                R00 - General

          R1 - General Regional Economics

                R10 - General
                R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
                R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
                R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
                R14 - Land Use Patterns
                R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models
                R19 - Other

          R2 - Household Analysis

                R20 - General
                R21 - Housing Demand
                R22 - Other Demand
                R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics
                R28 - Government Policy
                R29 - Other

          R3 - Real Estate Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location

                R30 - General
                R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
                R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis
                R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
                R34 - Input Demand Analysis
                R38 - Government Policy; Regulatory Policy
                R39 - Other

          R4 - Transportation Systems

                R40 - General
                R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
                R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning
                R48 - Government Pricing and Policy
                R49 - Other

          R5 - Regional Government Analysis

                R50 - General
                R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
                R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
                R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
                R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
                R59 - Other
Retour

    Y - Miscellaneous Categories

          Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts

                Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts

          Y2 - Introductory Material

                Y20 - Introductory Material

          Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)

                Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)

          Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)

                Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)

          Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified

                Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)

          Y6 - Excerpts


          Y7 - No Author General Discussions

                Y70 - No Author General Discussions

          Y8 - Related Disciplines

                Y80 - Related Disciplines

          Y9 - Other

                Y90 - Other
                Y91 - Pictures and Maps
Retour

    Z - Other Special Topics

          Z0 - General

                Z00 - General

          Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology

                Z10 - General
                Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
                Z12 - Religion
                Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification
                Z18 - Public Policy
                Z19 - Other

          Z2 - Sports Economics

                Z20 - General
                Z21 - Industry Studies
                Z22 - Labor Issues
                Z23 - Finance
                Z28 - Policy
                Z29 - Other

          Z3 - Tourism Economics

                Z30 - General
                Z31 - Industry Studies
                Z32 - Tourism and Development
                Z33 - Marketing and Finance
                Z38 - Policy
                Z39 - Other
Retour

     -


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